How the American education system works
Overview
Higher education is decentralised. Regional accreditation is the quality mark to look for; the degree structure is the same from a state university to an Ivy League college.
Levels and how long they take
| Level | Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Associate degree | 2 years | At community colleges, often with transfer into year three of a bachelor's. |
| Bachelor's | 4 years | General education in years one and two, then a declared major. |
| Master's | 1 to 2 years | Course-based or thesis-based, credit hours system. |
| PhD | 4 to 7 years | Often entered straight after a bachelor's, funded by assistantships. |
Grading
Letter grades A to F, converted to a GPA out of 4.0.
Intakes
| Intake | Notes |
|---|---|
| Fall (August) | Main intake. Most scholarships and assistantships. Apply by December to February. |
| Spring (January) | Available at many universities with fewer aid decisions. |
| Summer (May) | Limited programmes, mostly language and short courses. |
Figures are indicative for the 2026/27 cycle, change with exchange rates and policy, and should be confirmed with the university or the relevant government before you decide.
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Talk to a counsellorRelated questions
Do I need GRE or GMAT for a US master's?
Fewer programmes require them every year. Many computer science, engineering and business master's are now test-optional. We keep a list of which of our partner programmes still ask.
How much does it really cost to study in the US?
Budget US$35,000 to US$70,000 a year all-in before aid at a private or out-of-state public university. With an assistantship or a strong merit award the real cost can be a third of that. The I-20 figure is the number the visa officer will check.
Can I work while studying in the US?
On campus, yes, up to 20 hours a week. Off campus only through CPT (during the degree) or OPT (after it), both authorised by your university. Unauthorised work risks your visa.