How the German education system works
Overview
Germany separates research universities (Universität) from universities of applied sciences (Hochschule or FH), which teach the same bachelor's and master's degrees with a stronger industry focus.
Levels and how long they take
| Level | Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Studienkolleg | 1 year | Preparatory year for students whose school certificate is not recognised for direct entry. |
| Bachelor's | 3 to 4 years | 180 to 240 ECTS credits. |
| Master's | 1.5 to 2 years | 90 to 120 ECTS; consecutive master's follow a matching bachelor's. |
| PhD | 3 to 5 years | Individual doctorate with a professor, or a structured programme. |
Grading
1.0 (very good) to 4.0 (pass); 5.0 is a fail. A 2.5 or better is competitive for master's admission.
Intakes
| Intake | Notes |
|---|---|
| Winter semester (October) | Main intake. Apply by 15 July, earlier for many English-taught master's (March to May). |
| Summer semester (April) | Fewer programmes. Apply by 15 January. |
Figures are indicative for the 2026/27 cycle, change with exchange rates and policy, and should be confirmed with the university or the relevant government before you decide.
Get this checked for your case
Rules change and every application is different. A counsellor confirms the current position for your country and course. Free.
Talk to a counsellorRelated questions
Is education really free in Germany for international students?
At most public universities, yes: no tuition, only a semester contribution of €150 to €400. Baden-Württemberg charges non-EU students €1,500 per semester and some master's programmes are classified as continuing education and charge fees. Private universities charge full fees.
Do I need to speak German?
Not for admission to an English-taught programme, but daily life, part-time jobs and most graduate roles reward at least B1 German. We recommend starting a course before you fly.
How much is the blocked account?
€11,904 for the 2025 cycle, which releases €992 a month. The figure is updated most years in line with the student loan rate.