How the Canadian education system works
Overview
Education is run by each province, but standards are consistent. Public colleges focus on applied, job-ready diplomas; universities offer bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees.
Levels and how long they take
| Level | Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| College certificate or diploma | 1 to 3 years | Applied programmes with co-op options. Popular for a fast route into work. |
| Bachelor's | 3 to 4 years | Honours degrees are four years and needed for most master's. |
| Postgraduate certificate | 1 to 2 years | College-level specialisation after a bachelor's. Check PGWP eligibility carefully. |
| Master's | 1 to 2 years | Course-based or thesis-based. |
| PhD | 4 to 6 years | Usually funded. |
Grading
Percentage or letter grades, converted to a 4.0 GPA scale at most institutions.
Intakes
| Intake | Notes |
|---|---|
| September | Main intake for universities and colleges. Apply by January to March. |
| January | Second intake with good choice at colleges and many universities. |
| May | Summer intake, mostly colleges and some master's programmes. |
Figures are indicative for the 2026/27 cycle, change with exchange rates and policy, and should be confirmed with the university or the relevant government before you decide.
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Talk to a counsellorRelated questions
Is a study gap accepted in Canada?
Yes, up to about two years for undergraduate study and five for postgraduate, with documents to explain it. Longer gaps are harder for a study permit unless you have relevant work experience.
How much money do I need to show for a Canadian study permit?
First-year tuition, plus CA$22,895 for living costs for a single applicant outside Quebec, plus travel. A GIC from a Canadian bank is the cleanest evidence. Add roughly CA$5,000 to CA$6,000 for each accompanying family member.
How long is the Post-Graduation Work Permit?
It matches programme length for programmes between 8 months and 2 years, and is 3 years for programmes of 2 years or more and for all master's degrees. You must apply within 180 days of your final results.